The occurrence of taste buds in adults of the terrestrial ceacilian Boulengerula boulengeri Tornier, 1898 (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona: Herpelidae)

Two generations of gustatory organs occur during amphibian ontogeny in frogs and salamanders (Anura and Caudata), and are classified as taste buds or taste discs. Taste buds are present in larval forms, whereas taste discs are typical for adults. The little research done on Gymnophiona suggests that only taste buds are present in aquatic forms (larvae and adults), and adults of the only terrestrial species studied had taste buds. Here we investigate the nature of gustatory organs in a terrestrial caecilian, Boulengerula boulengeri (Herpelidae), from Tanzania using standard light and scanning electron microscopy. We found only taste bud type organs to be present in B. boulengeri. These occur mainly in the mucosa of the front part of the oral cavity, usually near the teeth. Our results suggest that B. boulengeri possesses only one type of gustatory organ during its ontogeny.     

非洲猪瘟病毒感染后猪外周血淋巴细胞Toll样受体信号通路的lncRNA-mRNA分析

【目的】丰富非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）感染后猪外周血淋巴细胞长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）表达谱,并进一步挖掘影响Toll样受体信号通路的调控网络。【方法】试验动物感染ASFV,于第7天采集外周血并分离得到外周血淋巴细胞,运用Illumina高通量组学测序对外周血淋巴细胞中lncRNA进行测序,原始数据经处理后筛选获得差异表达的lncRNA,并进行靶基因预测,利用生物信息学方法对靶基因进行GO功能和KEGG信号通路富集分析,初步绘制与Toll样受体信号通路相关的lncRNA-mRNA调控网络,并对lncRNA-ENSSSCG00000041959在内的4个lncRNAs进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证。【结果】共筛选到73个差异表达的lncRNAs,其中上调表达lncRNAs 38个,下调表达lncRNAs 35个。GO功能分析结果显示,靶基因显著富集在调节免疫系统过程、防御反应、生物刺激、病毒反应和先天性免疫;KEGG信号通路富集分析显示,大部分靶基因与细胞循环、疾病及免疫应答有关,其中免疫相关信号通路有Toll样受体信号通路、TNF信号通路、产生IgA的肠道免疫网络等。进一步挖掘出lncRNA-ENSSSCG00000041959-RIPK1和lncRNA-ENSSSCG00000041959-IRAK1可能是影响Toll样受体信号通路的重要调控网络,实时荧光定量RT-PCR与测序结果一致。【结论】本研究初步鉴定出lncRNA-ENSSSCG00000041959-RIPK1和lncRNA-ENSSSCG00000041959-IRAK1可能是影响Toll样受体信号通路的lncRNA-mRNA调控网络,为进一步探索lncRNA调控ASFV感染机体免疫反应奠定了理论基础。     

鸡促卵泡素及其受体基因在多个非繁殖组织中的表达研究

本研究利用PCR和免疫组化等方法,对FSHR和FSH基因在鸡多个非繁殖系统的组织器官中的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达以及相关性进行了分析.结果显示:在心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺和十二指肠中FSHR mRNA和蛋白以及FSH蛋白水平具有相同的表达趋势,表达丰度从大到小依次为肝脏、心脏、肾脏、肺和十二指肠.而在脾脏、胃、腿肌和胸肌中未检测到FSHR mRNA和蛋白以及FSH蛋白水平的表达;在检测的9个组织中,均无FSHmRNA的表达.相关性分析结果表明,在肝脏、心脏、肾脏、肺和十二指肠中各组织器官质量与组织中的FSH蛋白水平具有显著或极显著的正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);各组织中的FSHR mRNA和蛋白水平均与FSH蛋白水平存在显著或极显著正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).本研究初步证明,机体其他部位表达分泌的促卵泡素,在多个非繁殖组织器官(肝脏、心脏、肾脏、肺和十二指肠)中通过调控促卵泡素受体基因的表达来影响北京油鸡不同组织的发育.     

徐淮山羊PPAR基因克隆及其表达产物亚细胞定位的研究

研究旨在克隆徐淮山羊过氧化物酶体激活增殖受体(PPAR)基因的cDNA,并通过EGFP融合蛋白对该基因产物亚细胞水平定位。采用RT-PCR方法克隆徐淮山羊脂肪组织PPAR基因cDNA,并构建含有增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)报告基因的融合表达载体pEGFP-C1-PPAR,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)介导基因转染NIH-3T3细胞,48h后荧光倒置显微镜下观察基因表达产物的分布,RT-PCR检测mRNA在体外水平的表达。结果表明:首次成功克隆出徐淮山羊PPAR基因的全序列cDNA,大小为1428bp,GenBank登录号为GU082382;构建了融合表达载体pEGFP-C1-PPAR;RT-PCR检测mRNA表达明显;EGFP-PPAR融合蛋白定位在NIT-3T3细胞质中。体外克隆的徐淮山羊PPAR基因cDNA,在单细胞水平上可表达于细胞质中,结果为进一步研究PPAR的生物学功能奠定基础。     

Oxidative Stress and Interaction of Endothelin Receptors in Airways of Clinically Healthy Horses

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a physiological as well as an inflammatory mediator, causes contraction of airway smooth muscles by binding to endothelin-A (ETA) and endothelin-B (ETB) receptors. We investigated the interaction between endothelin receptors on contractions and oxidative stress of bronchial rings of clinically healthy horses. Rings for response studies were set in tissue chambers containing oxygenated Tyrode’s solution. Concentration-response relationships were determined for ET-1 on control rings, rings incubated with ETA antagonist (BQ123), rings incubated with ETB antagonists (IRL 1038 and BQ788), and rings incubated with all antagonists combined. For oxidative stress studies, rings were incubated for 30 minutes separately with ET-1, ETA antagonist + ET-1, ETB antagonists + ET-1, and all three antagonists + ET-1. The control rings were not treated with any agents. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method was used to measure total reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide, and peroxynitrite. Results showed that ET-1 caused dose-dependent contractions which were increased by ETA blockade and decreased by ETB blockade. Combined blockade significantly inhibited the response to ET-1. Regarding the oxidative stress, ET-1 and its antagonists significantly reduced the total ROS. Superoxide production was significantly decreased by ETA antagonist and completely abolished when ETA and ETB antagonists were combined. Peroxynitrite production was not changed significantly. The study suggested that an interaction between ET receptors exists in the expression of contractile responses and oxidative stress. ET-1 attenuated oxidative stress by decreasing total ROS. ETA receptors may be primarily responsible for superoxide production. It appears that ET-1 does not affect peroxynitrite production in normal equine tissues.     

山羊成纤维生长因子受体（FGFR1）基因的多态性检测

选择与羊同源性较高的牛FGFR1基因组序列（NM_001110207）设计3对特异性引物,采用DNA池PCR直接测序法快速检测黔北麻羊FGFR1基因的多态性,并以内蒙古白绒山羊和关中奶山羊比较,结果表明：在引PCR产物中只有黔北麻羊检测到多态,分别处于外显子5和内含子5的T133C和C211T的碱基突变,而其他2个品种...     

产前热应激对仔鼠脑垂体GABAB受体发育的影响

为探讨产前热应激对哺乳动物后代脑垂体GABAB受体发育的影响,选用12只13 d孕龄的母鼠,并随机分组.试验组(热应激组)孕鼠置于42℃±0.31℃、相对湿度36.7%±1.42%的热应激箱中进行热攻击,直至肛温达到41℃,对照组孕鼠置于常温对照箱.所有孕鼠放回笼中分笼饲养,出生后1、3、5、7 d仔鼠的脑各部进行Za...     

病毒受体研究技术进展

病毒受体是生物体内与病毒结合的受体分子,与病毒的感染密切相关.在病毒感染的过程中,受体起着至关重要的作用.因此,对病毒受体的研究是明确病毒致病机理的关键.论文简要介绍了几种传统的研究受体的方法,并对一些研究受体的新方法进行了重点介绍.     

禽传染性喉气管炎病毒体内外感染模型中鸡Toll样受体21mRNA转录水平的研究

为研究病毒与机体的相互作用,本研究参考GenBank中鸡Toll样受体21 (ChTLR21)的基因序列设计实时定量PCR特异性引物,以鸡核糖体蛋白L4 (RPL4)为内参基因,建立检测ChTLR21 mRNA相对转录水平的实时定量PCR方法,分析ChTLR21在禽传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)中和感染SPF雏鸡免疫器官脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺组织中的转录水平.结果显示:ILTV感染CEF后2h、4h、8h和18h时间点ChTLR21 mRNA转录水平分别为未感染对照细胞的1 540.53、0.98、1.19和3.70倍.但仅在ILTV感染2h时引起ChTLR21转录水平升高,与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05).ILTV感染SPF雏鸡后6h、24 h和30 h脾脏中ChTLR21 mRNA转录水平分别为未感染对照的56.34、59.85和3.61倍;法氏囊中分别为0.03、25.98和3.08倍;胸腺中分别为2.52、50和7.32倍.在感染初期,脾脏中ChTLR21转录量显著升高,随后有所降低,但均高于未感染对照(p＜0.05);法氏囊中仅在感染6h时呈显著抑制(p＜0.01);胸腺中呈波动性转录水平升高,但与对照组无统计学差异(p＞0.05).本研究证明ChTLR21参与了鸡体对ILTV感染的应答,并在体内外感染模型中呈现不同的表达规律.     

甘蓝两种SRK短截蛋白的体外表达及其与THL1作用检测

 为探明S–位点受体激酶（SRK）上与类硫氧还蛋白1（THL1）作用的氨基酸区域以及两者间作用方式,依据SRK_E1上功能域分布构建了两种SRK_E1短截体原核表达质粒pGEX-SRK_E1A和pGEX-SRK_E1B,分别在大肠杆菌BL21中获得了可溶性表达。通过体外孵育检测蛋白质相互作用的方法对SRK_E1A、SRK_E1B与THL1相互作用进行了检测,结果表明SRK_E1A和SRK_E1B均可与THL1结合,明确了THL1与SRK相互作用并不依赖于SRK激酶活性。两类SRK等位序列间比对结果表明Cys在两类SRK间的保守性存在明显差异,推测两类SRK材料亲和性的差异可能与Cys保守性不同有关。